另外一个需要考虑的因素的家具和电器问题，瑞典的很多房子都不带家具和电器，在租房时一定要看清楚描述，因为添置家具和电器也是一笔不小的开支。 住房附近的设施也是一个需要考虑的因素。瑞典不像国内外卖那么方便，外食也不便宜，因此住在临近超市的区域会省去很多麻烦。

瑞典大的超市是ICA，Willys，Coop，City Gross，所以朋友们最好选择住在这几个大超市附近。另外，住房离健身房、公共交通、市中心等的距离也需要考虑。 

以下是挪威的租赁法

Rental charges

租金

The parties arefree to agree on the amount of rent to be paid at the start of the tenancy. Theexception is a prohibition against unreasonably high rental charges; however,it should be noted that the threshold for what is regarded as “unreasonable” inthis context is relatively high.

双方可自由商定租赁开始时的租金金额。例外是禁止不合理的高租金;但是，应该指出的是，在这种情况下被视为“不合理”的门槛相对较高。

The Tenant has theright to pay monthly rental charges via a bank. The Lessor cannot demandadvance payment of rental charges for more than one month in advance.

租户有权通过银行支付每月租金。出租人不能提前一个月要求提前支付租金。

Rental chargesshall be determined at a fixed amount. This means that all costs that theLessor may have in connection with the rental must be included in the rentalcharges.

租赁费用应按固定金额确定。这意味着出租人可能与租赁相关的所有费用必须包含在租赁费用中。

There are,however, two exceptions to this regulation: In addition to the rental charge,an agreement may be made to pay the Lessor’s costs in connection withelectricity and heating. It may also be agreed that in addition to the rentalcharge, costs related to water and sewage shall be paid, if these are paidaccording to metered consumption. If a water meter is not installed, nocharges may be levied for water and sewage costs.

但是，该规定有两个例外：除了租赁费之外，还可以签订协议以支付出租人与电力和供暖相关的费用。还可以同意，除了租金外，如果按照计量消费支付，则应支付与水和污水有关的费用。如果没有安装水表，则不会对水费和污水费征收费用。

Additional chargesfor electricity/heating and water/sewage must be agreed in advance. The Tenantcan demand that the Lessor presents an annual account that indicates the totalcosts and distribution of these.

电费/暖气和水/污水的额外费用必须事先商定。租户可以要求出租人提供年度账户，表明这些账户的总成本和分配。

Regulationspertaining to rental charges are contained in the Landlord and Tenant Act, chapter 3.

有关租赁费的规定载于“业主与租客法”第3章。

Adjustments toRental charges

调整租金费用

In an ongoingtenancy, there are only two lawful ways to increase the rental charges:

在持续租赁中，只有两种合法方式可以增加租金：

1. Index-linkedincrease in rental charges (Landlord & Tenant Act § 4-2)

1.与指数挂钩的租金上涨（业主与租客法第4-2条）

2. Bringing intoline with prevailing rent levels (Landlord & Tenant Act § 4-3)

2.符合现行租金水平（业主与租客法第4-3条）

Index-linkedincrease in rental charges The Lessor may increase the rental charges in linewith the consumer price index, maximum once per year. The Lessor must notifythe Tenant of the intended increase at least one month in advance. An increasein rental charges can first be implemented out one year after the originalcontract was signed. In the same manner, the Tenant may also demand acorresponding reduction in rental charges if the consumer price index shouldfall. Bringing into line with prevailing rent levels If the tenancy agreementhas been ongoing for at least 2 1/2 years, the Lessor may demand that therental charges are brought into line with prevailing market rent levels. Theadjustment may, at the earliest, be introduced six months after the Lessor hasgiven written notification of his intent to regulate charges. In other words,the Tenant must have rented the accommodation for at least three years beforethe rental charges can be brought into line with prevailing market rent levels.If the prevailing rental levels are lower than the current rental charge, theTenant can demand that they are adjusted down to the prevailing level.

租金按指数增长出租人可根据居民消费价格指数(cpi)提高租金，最高每年一次。出租人必须将拟增加的租金至少提前一个月通知承租人。租金的增加可以在原合同签订一年后开始执行。同样，如果消费物价指数下跌，租户也可以要求相应降低租金。与现行租金水平保持一致如果租约已持续至少两年半，出租人可要求租金水平与现行市场租金水平保持一致。第二百六十四条出租人提出调整收费的意向，应当在书面通知出租人后六个月提出。换句话说，租客必须已租用该单位至少三年，才可将租金调整至现时的市场租金水平。如果当前租金水平低于当前租金，租户可以要求将其调整到当前水平。

Prevailing rentlevels are defined as the rental charge for comparable accommodation. Anycomparison shall be with accommodation of a similar size, location, standardetc. And similar terms and conditions, e.g. Termination terms and conditions,duration of contract etc.

现行租金水平的定义是类似住房的租金。任何比较均应与同等大小、位置、标准等的房间进行比较。以及类似的条款和条件，如终止条款和条件、合同期限等。Deposit

押金

A deposit is a sumthat the Tenant, on agreement with the Lessor, furnishes as security for anyoutstanding rental charges and other claims that may arise from the tenancyagreement. The deposit cannot exceed six times the agreed monthly rentalcharge. The Lessor may demand an increase in the deposit in line with any(lawful) increase in the monthly rental charges.

押金是指承租人在与出租人达成协议后，为租赁协议中可能产生的任何未付租金和其他索赔提供担保的金额。押金不能超过每月租金的六倍。出租人可以根据每月租金的(合法)增长要求增加保证金。

The deposit sumshall be deposited in a designated bank account in the name of the Tenant, andneither the Tenant nor the Lessor can make withdrawals on the account independently.If the Lessor demands that the Tenant shall pay the sum into the Lessor’s ownaccount or that the Tenant shall pay the deposit in cash, the Tenant has theright to refuse.

保证金以承租人的名义存入指定的银行账户，承租人和出租人不得单独在该账户上提款。出租人要求承租人将租金存入出租人的自有账户或者以现金支付押金的，承租人有权拒绝。

Bank chargesincurred in setting up the deposit account are Payable by the Lessor. Anyinterest paid on the account shall be paid to the Tenant. When the rentalcontract expires, the deposit is repaid to the Tenant. If the Lessor does notgive consent to the repayment of the deposit, the Tenant must notify the bankin writing of his claim for repayment of the deposit. The bank must then notifythe Lessor in writing of the claim and inform that the sum will be paid to theTenant if the Lessor, within 5 weeks after the notification is received, doesnot document that legal proceedings have been instigated. The Lessor canprovide such documentation by presenting a copy of the Conciliation Complaintor a copy of the complaint to the Rent Disputes Tribunal. If the bank doesnot receive documentation within the deadline, the bank may repay the depositto the Tenant.

设立存款账户所发生的银行费用由出租人支付。账户上支付的任何利息都应支付给承租人。当租赁合同期满时，押金将退还给承租人。如果出租人不同意返还押金，承租人必须书面通知银行他要求返还押金。银行必须以书面形式通知出租人，并通知出租人，如果出租人在收到通知后5周内没有证明已提起法律诉讼，银行将向承租人支付赔偿金。出租人可向租金争议审裁处提交调解投诉副本或投诉副本，以提供此类文件。如果银行在截止日期内没有收到文件，银行可以向租户退还押金。

If the Lessor hasclaims in regard to the tenancy agreement that he intends to recover from thedeposit, the claim must be notified to the Tenant. If the Tenant does notaccept the claim and requests that the deposit is repaid from the bank, theLessor must instigate proceedings to resolve the dispute.

如果出租人就租赁协议提出索赔，并打算从押金中收回，则必须通知承租人。如果承租人不接受索赔并要求银行退还押金，出租人必须提起诉讼来解决争议。

Proceedings areinstigated by presenting the claim to the Conciliation Board or by raising acomplaint with the Rent Disputes Tribunal.

提起诉讼的办法是向调解委员会提出索赔，或向租金争端法庭提出申诉。

If the Lessor’sclaim is for outstanding rental charges, the Lessor may present the claimdirectly to the bank. The bank may deduct outstanding rental charges from thedeposit sum, in certain circumstances:

如果出租人提出的是未付租金的索赔，出租人可以直接向银行提出索赔。在某些情况下，银行可从按金中扣除未付租金:

• The depositaccount and the account to which the Tenant pays the monthly rental chargesmust be at the same bank.

•押金账户和租户每月支付租金的账户必须在同一家银行。

• The Tenant andthe Lessor must have a written agreement that the Tenant shall pay the monthlyrental charges into the Lessor’s account in this bank.

•承租人与出租人必须达成书面协议，承租人应将月租金存入出租人在本银行的账户。

• The Lessor mustprovide documentation to the bank of the start and expiry dates of the Tenant’sobligation to pay rental charges.

•出租人必须向银行提供有关承租人支付租金义务开始日期和到期日期的文件。

The bank mustnotify the Tenant if the Lessor demands payment from the deposit account foroutstanding rental charges. If the Tenant, for example, believes that he isentitled to demand a reduction on the rental charges, and this is the reasonfor non-payment, the Tenant must provide documentation to the bank that he hasinstigated claim proceedings. If the bank does not receive such documentationwithin 5 weeks after the Tenant has received notification that the Lessor hasdemanded payment of outstanding rental charges, the bank shall pay anyoutstanding rental charges to the Lessor.

如果出租人要求从存款账户中支付未付的租金，银行必须通知承租人。例如，如果承租人认为他有权要求降低租金，而这正是拒付租金的原因，那么他必须向银行提供他已发起索赔程序的文件。如果银行在承租人收到出租人要求支付未付租金的通知后5周内未收到此类文件，银行应向出租人支付未付租金。

Regulationspertaining to deposits are contained in the Landlord & Tenant Act § 3-5.

有关存款的规定载于《业主与租客法》第3-5条。

Guarantee

保证

As an alternative- or in addition to - a deposit, the Tenant and Lessor may agree that theTenant shall furnish a guarantee as security for any claims regardingoutstanding rental charges, damage to property, cancellation expenses or forany other claims arising from the tenancy agreement. The guarantee can, forexample, be furnished by a bank, a private individual (guarantor) or by theSocial Services.

承租人和出租人可以约定，承租人应就未付租金、财产损坏、取消费用或因本租赁协议引起的任何其他索赔提供担保，作为替代或补充押金。例如，担保可以由银行、个人(担保人)或社会服务机构提供。

The guaranteeamount cannot, alone, or including the deposit, exceed the sum of six month’srental charge.

担保金额，单独或包括押金，不得超过六个月的租金总额。

Regulationspertaining to guarantees are contained in the Landlord & Tenant Act § 3-6.

有关担保的规定载于《业主与租客法》第3-6条。

Fixed-term orongoing (terminable) tenancy agreements

定期或持续(终止)租赁协议

On entering intoan agreement, the Tenant and Lessor must agree on the type of tenancyagreement.

承租人与出租人签订租赁合同，必须就租赁物的种类达成协议。

There are two maintypes of tenancy agreement:

租赁协议主要分为两类:

1. Ongoing tenancyagreements

1. 持续的租赁协议

2. Fixed-termtenancy agreements

2. 定期租赁协议

An ongoing (open) tenancy agreement runs indefinitely until one partyterminates the agreement.

正在进行的(开放式)租赁协议无限期地运行，直到一方终止该协议为止。

A fixed-term tenancy agreement is an agreement that expires on a certaindate, without requiring termination by either the Tenant or the Lessor. TheTenant is obliged to vacate the accommodation at the agreed time.

定期租赁协议是指在一定日期届满，承租人或者出租人不要求解除合同的协议。房客有义务在约定的时间搬出房间。

In the case of afixed-term agreement, the Lessor is obliged to notify that the agreement cannotbe terminated during the fixed agreement period. If this is not notified, theagreement may be terminated within the agreed rental period.

固定期限合同，出租人有义务通知出租人在固定期限内不得终止合同。如果没有通知，本协议可以在约定的租期内终止。

In addition, it ispossible to combine the two types of agreement, by entering into a fixed-termagreement with a right of termination for one or both parties.

此外，可以通过签订定期协议，其中一方或双方有权终止合同，将这两种协议结合起来。

The Landlord andTenant Act has invariable regulations concerning minimum periods that regulatethe use of fixed-term agreements. The main rule is that it is not permitted toenter into fixedterm agreements for a period of less than 3 years. The minimumperiod is however, one year if the agreement concerns a loft or basementdwelling or a dwelling in a semi-detached house and the Lessor lives in thesame house.

《房东和房客法》对规定定期合同使用的最低期限有一成不变的规定。主要的规则是，在不超过3年的时间内，不允许签订固定期限的协议。但是，如果协议涉及阁楼或地下室住宅或半独立式住宅，且出租人居住在同一房屋，则最短期限为一年。

Exceptions to theregulation regarding minimum periods of three and one year respectively mayapply when the accommodation is to be used as a dwelling by the Lessor himselfor a member of his household. Certain conditions apply, firstly: the Tenant, atthe latest on signing the agreement must be made aware of the reason for thefixed term. Secondly, the Lessor or the member of his household must in actualfact move into the dwelling when the fixed-term agreement expires. If thiscondition is not fulfilled, the Tenant is normally entitled to continue to livein the dwelling.

出租人本人或其家庭成员将该房屋用作住宅时，可适用有关最短期间分别为三年和一年的规例的例外情况。有一定的条件适用，首先:租户最迟在签订协议时必须知道固定期限的原因。第二，出租人或者他的家庭成员在定期合同期满时，必须实际搬入该房屋。如不符合上述条件，租客通常有权继续住在该住宅内。

An exception tothe regulations regarding a minimum period also applies if the Lessor hasanother justifiable reason for a fixedterm agreement. An example of this is ifthe dwelling is to be renovated or sold within a short time.

出租人有其他正当理由订立固定期限合同的，也适用有关最低期限的规定的例外。这方面的一个例子是，如果住宅要在短时间内翻修或出售。

It is notconsidered a justifiable reason that the Lessor or the Tenant desires a10-month contract, running from August to June, adapted to the academic year,because the Lessor rents out the property to students.

出租人或承租人要求签订一份10个月的合同(从8月至6月，与学年相适应)，因为出租人将房屋出租给学生，这被认为是没有正当理由的。

If fixed-termagreements have been signed in conflict with the regulations in the Act, thefixed-term is deemed invalid. The agreement is then considered an ongoingagreement and may be terminated in line with the regulations within the Act,pertaining to termination notice periods.

定期合同的签订与本法规定相抵触的，视为无效。然后，本协议被视为一项正在进行的协议，可以根据法案中有关终止通知期限的规定终止。

Regulationspertaining to fixed-term and ongoing agreements are contained in the Landlord &Tenant Act §§ 9-1 to 9-3.

有关定期和正在进行的协议的规定载于《业主与租客法》第9-1至9-3条。

Defects

缺陷

What is a”defect”?

什么是“缺陷”?

Unless otherwiseagreed, the accommodation and fixtures must be tidied, cleaned and in normalgood condition.

除非另有约定，住宿和固定装置必须保持整齐、清洁和正常状态。

Unless otherwiseagreed, the Tenant may demand that the accommodation shall be of a reasonable,good standard, taking into consideration the age of the property, its location,area etc. If this condition is not fulfilled, the accommodation is said to be“defective” in this context. However, agreement may be reached that theaccommodation is of a lower standard than normal and the Tenant cannot laterclaim as defects issues that he is aware of (or ought to have been aware of).

除非另有约定，承租人可以要求提供合理、良好的标准，并考虑到房屋的年龄、位置、面积等。如果没有满足这个条件，在这种情况下，住宿被称为“有缺陷”。但是，可能会达成协议，即该房屋的标准低于正常水平，并且租户以后不能声称他知道(或应该知道)存在缺陷问题。

It is considered adefect if the Lessor provides incorrect information about the accommodation andthis is believed to have influenced the agreement.

如果出租人提供了不正确的住宿信息，这被认为是一种缺陷，并被认为影响了协议。

If the Lessorfails to inform of issues that he was aware of (or ought to have been awareof), that the Tenant had grounds to believe he should have been notified of,and this is believed to have influenced the agreement, this is also regarded asa defect. An example of this may be that the Lessor fails to inform the Tenantthat heating costs may be abnormally high due to poor insulation.

如果出租人没有告知他知道(或应该知道)的问题，租户有理由相信他应该被通知，而这被认为影响了协议，这也被视为缺陷。这方面的一个例子可能是，出租人没有通知租户，供暖成本可能由于绝缘不良而异常高。

After the Tenanthas lived in the accommodation for a time, problems may arise that could nothave been discovered earlier and that the Lessor could not have been aware of.This type of “hidden defect” may be the object of various claims, depending onhow serious these are. If it is revealed, for example, that the accommodationhas damp damage or has fungal growth, this may provide grounds for a claim forrepairs or a reduction in charges until the defect is repaired.

承租人在房屋内居住一段时间后，可能会出现一些问题，而这些问题是出租人事先不可能发现的。这种类型的“隐藏缺陷”可能是各种索赔的对象，这取决于这些索赔的严重程度。例如，如果发现舱室有潮湿损坏或真菌生长，这可能为索赔或减少费用提供依据，直至缺陷得到修复。

If the defect isserious, it may provide grounds for revocation of the agreement.

瑕疵严重的，可以提供撤销协议的理由。

Claims made as aresult of defects

因缺陷而提出的索赔

If defects arefound, the Tenant has the right to demand the following:

如发现有任何瑕疵，承租人有权要求:

• Repair of thedefect or

•缺陷的修复或

• Reduction in therental charges or

•降低租金或

• Revocation ofthe agreement if the defect is serious

•如果缺陷严重，则撤销协议

In addition,compensation may be claimed for documented economic losses.

此外，可以对有记录的经济损失提出索赔。

The Tenant mayalso withhold monthly rental charges in order to secure any claims he may haveagainst the Lessor, as a result of the defect.

承租人还可以扣留每月的租金，以确保他对出租人因该缺陷而提出的任何索赔。

The regulationsregarding defects are contained in the Landlord and Tenant Act Chapter 2.

有关瑕疵的规定载于《业主与租客法》第2章。

If the partiescannot agree on the rental charge that shall apply, e.g. In connection with adispute concerning defects, the tenancy agreement cannot be terminated orrevoked due to outstanding rental charges, if the Tenant deposits the disputedrental charge sum in a restricted account that the Tenant cannot freely utilisewithout the consent of the Lessor.

如果双方不能达成一致适用的租赁费用,例如与纠纷有关的缺陷,不能终止租约或撤销由于杰出的租赁费用,如果租户存款有争议的租赁费用和在一个受限帐户,承租人不能自由地利用未经出租人同意。

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