关于“yasiziliaoxiazai” 共 4 个相关问题
为了帮助考生们更好地备考雅思听力考试,考试频道小编给大家带来雅思听力多选题难点解析,以下是详细内容,希望对同学们的备考有所帮助!
多选题是雅思听力考试中一直存在的一种题型,虽然每次考试的题量不占大部分,但学会解决这种几乎必考的题型也是很有必要的。在学习解题方法和技巧之前大家要了解多选题到底难在哪里,这样才更有针对性的进行复习。下面为大家介绍的是雅思听力多选题的难点,希望对大家有帮助。
一般多选题分为5选2和7选3两种,极偶尔会有7选2这样的情况,2个或3个答案相互独立,且答案顺序不影响评分,即这2个或者3个答案并非算做同1题,不过,也极偶尔会出现2个或者3个选项只算1题的情况。在雅思听力评分中,3题的正确率就可以有05分的影响了,所以多选题也是我们每题必争的。下面对雅思听力多选题的解题难点和对策做详细的分析。
一、同义替换
同义替换是听力选择题的核心考点,多选题肯定也不例外,同义互换给考生造成的疑惑点也可想而知,如果没有听懂原文的意思,那么很难将原文相应内容与选项内容对应上,也就直接导致答案选不对甚至直接感觉答案都没在听力原文里出现过。多选题和单选题很像,同义替换的位置不仅会在选项上,同样也会在题干里面,而且同义替换的方式多变。
比如,剑桥4 test2 section3的第25, 26两题:
what two disadvantages of the questionnaire form of data collection do the students discuss?
a the data is sometimes invalid
b too few people may respond
c it is less likely to reveal the unexpected
d in can only be used with literate populations
e there is a delay between the distribution and return of questionnaire
原文:
rosa: no, i’m sure it talked drawbacks as well, didn’t it? something about the response rate and the problems you get if it’s too low (b)
mick: yeah, but we only need data from five subjects anyway
rosa: i suppose so another drawback i remember it mentioned was that questionnaire data tends not to reveal anything unexpected (c), because it is
我们不难发现,问题当中的disadvantage这个词,换成了drawback, 还有选项b中的few替换成了too low。这些同义替换都是最基本的近义词、同义词间的互换。
而且这些同义替换都是常见的,重复出现的,所以难度不大。对于这样的题目或者说这样的同义替换,考生们肯定要在平时多积累常见的同义替换的单词、词组,多去延伸某一个单词的近义词、同义词。就拿上面那个例子当中disadvantage 和drawback的同义替换来说,在剑桥3、剑桥7、剑桥9当中出现了至少4次。
当然也有同义替换难度比较大的,比如:剑桥6 test1 section4的第38, 39, 40三题:
which three of the following problems are mentioned in the connection with 20th century housing in the east end?
a unsympathetic landlords
b unclean water
c heating problems
d high rents
e over crowing
f poor standards of building
g houses catching fire
答案c, e, f在文中对应的内容为:
houses were crowded closely together and usually very badly built (f)
few houses had electricity at this time, so other sources of power were used, like coal for the fires which heated perhaps just one room (c)
a tiny, damp, unhealthy house like this might well be occupied by two full families, possibly including several children, grandparents, aunts and uncles (e)
这样的同义替换是一种概括总结型的同义替换,这样的替换方式没有办法死记,因为每次替换的内容都可以不一样,不像近义词同义词的对等替换,概括总结型的同义替换是一种从属性质的替换,选项在意思上将原文内容意思高度概括,从而达到一种对应,这样的替换不仅要求考生听懂原文当中句子的意思,而且还要有同义互换的主动意识,也就是说要能够在听懂意思的基础上积极主动的去思考听懂的信息是否与某个选项匹配。否则,很多考生就会听懂原文意思,但没有反应过来听懂的意思可以和哪个选项对应。
二、干扰
干扰其实不仅在多选题当中有,单选题、填空题都会有干扰。在多选题中,干扰大多是选项内容与听力原文中的内容部分甚至完全相同,但从符合题意的角度,该选项不能作为正确选项。简单说来就是听到但不能选。同义替换已经很难了,为什么还要设计干扰作为另外一个难点?因为有时候同义替换的难度不够酸爽,再配上干扰,这样对于剑桥来说就完美了!干扰的情况在多选题当中比较容易判断,可以大致分为所有选项干扰、部分选项干扰以及问题条件干扰。
首先以剑桥5 test1 section1的第5, 6两题为例:
which two things are included in the price of the tour?
a fishing trip
b guided bushwalk
c reptile park entry
d table tennis
e tennis
这题就是上面说的所有选项干扰的一题,根据听力原文:
you guide will take anyone who is interested either on a bushwalk through the national park near the hotel, and there’s no extra charge for that, or on a fishing trip that’s an extra $12 i think and there is also a reptile park in town-that costs more or less the same and if you just want to relax, you are free to sit by the hotel pool or go down the beach oh, they also have tennis courts at the hotel, but you have to pay for those by the hour but there are table tennis tables downstairs, and they are part of the acmodation package
a-e所有5个选项在听力原文当中都出现了,如果没有听懂意思,而只是听单词,这题难度就很大了,所以一定要关注符合题目are included in the price of the tour要求的选项。这种所有选项干扰的情况可以在审题的时候就预判出来,一般选项内容简单且不太容易做同义替换的时候,很容易出现所有选项都在听力中重现的情况,如果考生们能在审题时发现这一点,从而提醒自己一定不能再听到什么就选什么,一定要关注符合问题内容的信息,这样做对的几率会大大增加。
值得注意的是,在选项全部在听力原文中重现的这种多选题中,并非同义替换就不存在了,只是不在选项上了,同义替换的位置很有可能会在题干当中,如上题,are included in the price of the tour就被替换成了2种说法no extra charge和part of the acmodation package,且后一种同义替换的难度非常大,很多烤鸭都没有反应过来这是住宿打包费用的一部分的意思,也就是费用已包含的意思。
其实,如果所有选项都在听力中重现,还可以用排除法去剔除错误选项,剩下的就是正确选项了,也就是说就算不知道part of the acmodation package的意思选不出e来,也应该知道d table tennis是需要pay by the hour的,也就是和are included in the price of the tour意思相反,a,c选项也可以用同样的方式剔除。
再以刚刚提过的剑桥6 test1 section4的第38, 39, 40三题为例:
其实这题的难度远不止正确选项c, e, f的同义替换,如果我们看看所有选项以及题目相关的所有听力内容就不难发现,其实这题也有干扰,这种情况就是上面说的部分选项干扰,即不是所有选项都出现,只是其中几个选项出现,并且有的具有干扰功能:
a unsympathetic landlords
b unclean water
c heating problems
d high rents
e over crowing
f poor standards of building
g houses catching fire
a-g 7个选项对应的所有听力原文内容为:
houses were crowded closely together and usually very badly built, because there was no regulation but the poor and needy were attracted by the possibility of work, and they had to be housed it was the availability, rather than the condition, of the housing that was the major concern for tenants and landlords alike few houses had electricity at this time, so other sources of power were used, like coal for the fires which heated perhaps just one room of course, the smoke from these contributed a great deal to the air pollution for which london used to be famous a tiny, damp, unhealthy house like this might well be occupied by two full families, possibly including several children, grandparents, aunts and uncles
不难发现,原文中有landlords一词,这个词也出现在了a选项中,构成了干扰,尤其对于没有听太清楚这个句子意思的考生,可能会想选a, 毕竟有个原文中出现的单词,其实在选项字比较多比较容易做同义替换的多选题当中,当有选项内容或者部分内容原文重现的时候,这样的选项不仅不能立刻认为正确,而且还要慎重考虑是否会是干扰;the smoke from these contributed,很多同学也会因为这个部分而选择g, 因为前面说在房子里烧煤取暖,这里又说冒烟,联系起来自己脑补一下感觉可能是说房子容易由于烧煤取暖而着火冒烟,因此这里的g也是一个干扰,且这个干扰对于水平稍好,能听懂一部分内容而不是全部内容的同学来说尤其具有迷惑性,因为这个选项没有之前的干扰方式那么简单粗暴的就将原文重现,而是疑似做了一下同义替换,这是比较难的一种干扰选项的出现方式,即根据原文内容做了一部分的意思同义替换,但整个选项意思还是和原文不符的,这样的干扰选项的排除就需要考生听懂不止是某几个词,而是整句话。
最后以剑桥6 test4 section3的第28, 29, 30题为例:
这道多选题除了刚刚说的那些干扰和同义替换情况之外,还有另外一种干扰存在,这种干扰不是单纯利用选项和听力原文的相似性进行干扰,这种干扰还和问题有关,也就是上面所说的问题条件干扰:
which three topics do this term’s study skill work cover?
我们只看其中的选项a an introduction to the inter对应的听力原文的内容the one for inter beginners was last term和题目要求的this term相反,除此之外的部分与a选项的意思完全一样,就是时间限制让a选项成了错误项、干扰项。而且,通过总结发现,问题当中最常充当干扰内容的就是时间限制条件,且这样的干扰也会出现在单项选择题当中。因此,以后在问题当中看到表示时间限制的内容要多加小心,原文中可能会有另一个时间限制。
三、题目长度
当然,剑桥6 test4 section3的第28, 29, 30题可能不止是同义互换和干扰是难点,这个多选题难还因为题目的长度:
which three topics do this term’s study skill work cover?
a an introduction to the inter
b how to carry out research for a dissertation
c making good use of the whole range of library services
d planning a dissertation
e standard requirements when writing a dissertation
f using the inter when doing research
g what books and technical resources are available in the library
读完问题和7个选项的时间只有差不多10秒钟,这个时间显然不够,就算可以在规定时间内读完选项,在做题的时候,那么多文字内容在边听边要做出选择的时候也是一种巨大的挑战。所以在做多选题的时候,如果能给选项分类,那就可以大大减小边听边找选项的压力,把需要看的选项缩小到一定范围。不难发现,上题的7个选项可以分3类,一类里面有inter的a, f;一类是有dissertation的b, d, e;一类是有library的c, g, 这样一来,当听力中提到比如inter的时候,我们就不用每个选项都去看是否符合,只需要去看a, f, 这样大大减小了做题难度。
总之,从做题顺序角度而言,多选题的解题对策可以简单概括成:看分类,看干扰点,听同义替换。把握住这3点,多选题一下子褪去了复杂的外衣,漏出本质,更易得分。
听力场景对于雅思听力的重要性毋庸置疑,这八类雅思听力场景词汇分享给大家,希望对大家有所帮助。
1social events (section 2)
雅思听力section 2 中经常会考到一些社会事件,比如说会议、展览、节日等。参加这些社会活动就需要通过网站、单页、通知版、广告等来了解活动的信息、日程安排、主题等详细信息。一些大型会议和活动学生是可以选择参加的,而且还提供住宿和餐饮,一切都只需要在注册的时候声明并且缴纳相应的费用即可。
events: convention, exhibition, conference, festival, exposition
examples: australian retailers convention, art exhibition, business conference, summer music festival, drama festival, travel exposition, world expo, cartoon exhibition, flower exhibition, auto show
publicity: website/inter, leaflets, flyers, notice board, posters, advertisements, good for a family, children, adult, senior citizens
transportation: bus, taxi, cab, subway, tube, coach, parking problems
agenda: dates, timetable
focus/theme: music/live music, art, ballet, clothes, drama, food, business, demonstration, ics, flower arrangement, biscuits
celebration: parade, dance, chorus, music band
catering: café, restaurant, pub, cafeteria, canteen, refectory, dining room, refreshments, snacks, takeout, takeaway, set lunch, barbecue
security: security entrance, security office, security personnel/staff, fire exit, lockers, check id, video surveillance, cameras, crowded, children easily get lost
2environment (section 2/4)
这类单词肯定是大家感觉到比较专业和难于掌握的,并不是需要大家全部记忆下来,但起码要做到对发音和中文意思比较敏感,这样才会对全文的听力内容有一个较好的把握。否则就好像是听到了科普类文章一样,茫然不知所措,进而导致完全放弃。
atmosphere: oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, sulphur monoxide
pollution: air pollution, acid rain, contaminated water, pollutant, contaminant, chemicals, toxic waste
geographical: soil erosion, desertification, drought, floods, overfishing, over-felling, deforestation
energy: fossil fuels, coal, gas, petroleum, solar, tide, wind power, nuclear, marsh gas, methane, biogas
recycling: plastic, paper, glass, bottle tops, ink cartridges, spare parts/ponents
3repair (section 1)
这个场景主要是购物或者租房子后发现有一些这样那样的问题,物体的型号、主要的问题、需要什么时间来修理、有没有质保、替换还是退款等都会是很重要的考点。雅思听力还是非常实用的,能让我们提前预习到在国外会碰到的场景,帮我们了解外国人处理一些事情的流程和规则。
what to repair: fridge, refrigerator, washing machine, cd player, electric light, clock, bungalow, cooker, rice cooker, printer (shelf)
model type/number
main problem: leaking, door broken, flashing, hands broken, noisy, fan broken, steam escaping
when to repair: immediately, straight away, right now, urgent
next week, weekdays, weekends, in a couple of weeks
mornings, afternoons (am pm)
quality warranty: expiry date, quality guaranteed for two years
pensation: refund, replacement
payment: cash, cheque, credit card, bank transfer
4diet and health (section 4)
饮食和健康不但是现在人们越来越关心的问题,也会是雅思听力考试中永恒不变的主题。在section 4 中经常出现关于健康饮食和生活方式的探讨。与此同时,听力中关于一些疾病的原因和治疗也都跟此有着密切的联系。heart disease, chronic illness, diabetes, obesity,high blood pressure等疾病大家已经并不陌生了。
food intake/elements: protein, vitamins, fat, carbohydrates, fat acid, calcium, cholesterol, minerals, calorie, kilocalorie
diet: cereals, sugar, salt, lean meat, eggs, fish, milk, vegetables, fruit, red meat, white meat
cereals: wheat, corn, barley, oat, maize, rice
health: low nutrition, malnutrition, overweight, obese, underweight, intelligence, eyesight, brain, learning difficulty, digestion, congestion, heart disease, tuberculosis
physical exercises: running, jogging, swimming
5medicine (section 1 )
这个场景每年都会进行几次考查,重点要明确各种关于医生、治疗、疾病、药物、手术、医院的英文表达方式,以及弄清楚西方国家的医疗体系和看病流程。比如说family doctor这个概念在中国几乎是不存在的,但是在西方的社区里非常普遍。如何注册一个家庭医生,他们看病如何收费等都是我们应该去了解的。在国外某些地区,如果没有注册家庭医生,很可能出现一些急症没有医生来看的情况。
doctors: physician, surgeon, dentist, veterinarian, pediatrician, therapist, general practitioner
treatments: cure, remedy, therapy, acupuncture,
diseases: headache, toothache, backache (back pain), stomachache, heart disease, pneumonia, tuberculosis, diabetes, insomnia, asthma, employment medical, sprain, sports injury, sprained knee
medicine: antibiotics, penicillin, aspirin, sleeping pills (tablets), painkillers, dose, underdose, overdose, ice pack, walking sticks
surgery: operation
hospital: clinics, ward, maternity, emergency, surgery, practice
6library
图书馆是雅思听力中经久不衰的场景之一,对于这个场景,建议大家应该把握住图书馆的基本布局和功能、完整的借阅流程、以及图书馆所藏的素材。除了上课以外,图书馆应该是学生待的时间最长的地方了。国外的书籍价格还是比较高的,尤其是一些专业书籍,所以图书馆比较受欢迎也就理所应当了。
registration: information desk, information sector, librarian desk
registration fee, membership fee
id documents: passport, visa, student card, library card, drivers license, credit card, bank statement, phone bill, identity card, cv letter
library card, borrowers card, readers card, electronic card, pin, password
books: fiction, reference books, technical books, leisure books, notion, academic
periodicals: magazines, journals current issues, back issues
technical resources: photocopying machine, photocopier, color, white and black photocopier, printer, laser printer, card, coin, inter access, puters, laptops
electronic, digital: cd, dvd, vcd, videos, tapes, cassettes, cd-rom
recall system: catalogue (title, author, press, category) , call slip, librarian
circulation: borrow, loan, return, renew, overdue, fine, reserve
loan time: weeks, months (up to 4 weeks, maximum loan time)
training classes: research methods, it, puter software, dissertation writing
7job hunting (section 1/2)
边上学边打工是绝大多数学生的普遍生活方式,一方面可以贴补生活费用,另一方面可以增加社会经验和扩大朋友圈。如果有机会进入一些大公司当实习生的话必将对未来的工作有很大的帮助。以下是雅思找工作场景中经常考查的细节点,大家要注意哦!
type of work: vacation jobs, office work, bar attendant, waiter, waitress, zoo attendant, childcare, library assistant, restaurant work, assistant, sales assistant, domestic work, reporter, carpenter, freelance, part-time job, full-time job, temporary job
main roles: receptionist, assistant, looking after animals (kangaroo), cate visitors, save wounded/injured animals, maintain website, selling garden tools/carpets, handle customer plaint
advantages and disadvantages: pay, working hours, workload, flexible, equipment, transportation
working hours: am pm weekdays (during the week), weekends,bank holidays, public holidays, new year, christmas
pay rate: pound/dollar per hour, starting salary, wage
clothes: formal clothes, suit, informal clothes, casual clothes shirt, trousers, tie, bow tie, uniform
transportation: bus, train, subway, tube, metro, taxi, cab
magazine reporters: housing magazine, entertainment magazine, sports magazine, economy magazine, it magazine
8ping
在剑桥雅思中有出现过对比几家商店或者品牌的产品的优缺点,进而得出一个综合评价并给出买或不买的最终建议的听力场景。对于追逐时尚,喜欢购物的年轻一代而言,如果在购物上失分就比较不给力了,fighting!
price: discount, concession, promotion, sales, half price, normal price, 30% off
packaging: economy package, family package, container, image, presentation of products
where to buy: supermarket, market, , store, department store, chain store, online ping
receipt: invoice, quality warranty, receipt
supermarket: entrance (profitable), middle shelf (expensive), end of aisles (hard to move), quieter places ( need time to think about)
在雅思听力考试中,section1和section2最为常见就是旅游场景。今天雅思考试小编整理出来了关于旅游场景的相关词汇,及针对这些词汇的答题技巧,具体内容我们一起来看看吧。
它多以填空题和选择题的题型出现,填空题又包括notes/table/summary/flow-chart/sentence pletion这几种题型,通常会是一段对话或者是一段独白。
一般会涉及如下几个考点:
目的地,交通工具,费用及支付方式,语言,景点的讲解,活动,注意事项,携带物品,旅行社,时间,住宿,同行者,某人去不了的原因,我们知道要想正确把握听力材料的信息,我们首先应该熟悉它所涉及到的场景词汇,所以在准备考试时应该先解决词汇问题。
针对这几个考点,我们归纳总结了一下各个考点的相关词汇,具体如下:
目的地
cities, mountains, deserts沙漠,hilly areas丘陵地带,wetlands沼泽地,bush land灌木丛,tropical rain forests热带雨林,resorts胜地,beaches, coastal areas沿海地区, 乡村(village)、瀑布(water fall) river, lake,湖
交通工具
public transport公共交通,private transport私人交通,car, airplane, ferry渡船,underground/subway/tube/metro地铁,river cruise巡游, boat trips,游船旅行
费用及支付方式
book the room(make a reservation)订房间, currency货币,canadian dollars加元,australian dollars, pounds镑, japanese yen日元 ,credit card信用卡(visa维萨卡, mastercard万事达, american express美国运通)
语言
french法语, cantonese粤语, mandarin普通话, russian俄语, italian意大利语, german德语, portuguese葡萄牙, japanese日语, arabic阿拉伯语
景点
hotsprings温泉,fountain泉水,喷泉,beaches海滩,spotlight tour聚光灯旅行,four-wheel drive四驱车,crocodile cruise, waterfalls瀑布,castle城堡,museum 博物馆,art gallery 画廊
活动
swimming, diving潜水,跳水,scuba diving器械潜水,surfing冲浪,water skiing滑水,hang gliding悬挂滑翔,water polo水球, skiing 滑雪,hiking 徒步旅行,bag-packer 肩背大包进行自助旅行的人,hitch-hike 搭便车旅行。
注意事项
snakes, stingers刺痛人的东西,sharks鲨鱼,box jellyfish水母的一种,certain plants某些植物,
携带物品
beach towel大浴巾,telescopes望远镜,walking boots步行靴,socks袜子,sunscreen太阳镜, long trousers长裤, 夹克衫(jacket), 急救箱(first-aidkit)、手电筒(torch)
旅行社
travel agency 旅行社,flight number 航班号,take off 起飞,land 降落,
motel 汽车旅馆,hostel 青年旅社,book the ticket 订票,passport 护照,
visa 签证,credit card 信用卡,driving license/license 驾照,expire v驾照、护照等过期,check in 办理登机手续,souvenir 纪念品。
以上是今天小编为考生整理的雅思听力旅游场景词汇,供考生们复习参考。欲了解更多雅思考试资讯,获取更多雅思考试备考资料,敬请关注雅思考试频道。预祝考生2015雅思考试取得好成绩!
澳洲留学费用都是由哪些部分组成的?出国留学,去往澳洲留学,很多想要去澳洲留学的学生及家长非常关心留学费用问题,下面小编就给大家介绍一下澳洲留学费用的构成,希望对大家有所帮助。 澳洲留学前期费用 1语言考试费:雅思考试费用为1750元 2材料公证费:在递交签证申请时很多资料要做公证,需要公证费。不同情况需要做的公证不同,一般不会超过5份,共需约1000元。 3签证申请及体检、机票费用:澳洲留学签证申请费550澳元。签证过程中需要体检,体检费用会根据成人、儿童有所区别。获得签证要出发,机票的价格会因航空公司不同、淡旺季而差别较大。 澳洲留学学费 2015年澳洲留学费用因入读的学历阶段不同而有所差异。 大学预科:每年9,000-14,000澳元 本科:学士学位每年14万-35万澳元;以实验为主的学士学位每年14万-35万澳元,如理工科课程; 研究生:研究生证书、研究生文凭课程每学期15-36万澳元;硕士、博士学位课程每年15万-36万澳元; 澳洲留学生活费 澳洲留学生活费因选择的留学城市以及个人生活习惯的不同而不同,通常为:悉尼、墨尔本地区18万澳元/年,新南威尔士州、维多利亚州12-18万澳元/年,昆士兰州、西澳州、首都地区 08万-16万澳元/年,南澳、塔斯马尼亚、北领地区06-16万澳元/年。 澳洲留学住宿费 寄宿家庭:110-270澳元/周。寄宿家庭住宿中包含膳食,适合年龄较小的国际学生,可提供单人间和多人间。 青年旅店和招待所:80-135澳元/周。通常是由澳大利亚青年旅店协会和青年基督徒协会经营,旅店里的厨房和浴室为公用。 合租住房:70-250澳元/周;单间租房 100-400澳元/周。 寄宿学校:1万-2万澳元/年(专指中小学,而且多为私立学校);大学住宿:80-250澳元/周。